WHAT IS FLEMISH BOND?
Flemish bond is the most common bonding found in early-18th-century buildings is Glazed-headed Flemish Bond, in which the exposed headers are burned until they vitrify with a black glassy surface. Other variants are Monk bond and Wessex Bond, the latter with three stretchers between each header. This is easier to lay than full Flemish Bond and produces a less intense, but nevertheless "pretty" brickwork face.Flemish bond, also known as Dutch bond, has throughout history been considered the most decorative bond, and for this reason was used extensively for dwellings until the adoption of the cavity wall. It is created by alternately laying headers and stretchers in a single course. The next course is laid so that a header lies in the middle of the stretcher in the course below. This bond is two bricks thick. It is quite difficult to lay Flemish bond properly, since for best effect all the perpendiculars (vertical mortar joints) need to be vertically aligned. If only one face of a Flemish bond wall is exposed, one-third of the bricks are not visible, and hence may be of low visual quality. This is a better ratio than for English bond, Flemish bond's main rival for load-bearing walls.
Flemish bond is the most common bonding found in early-18th-century buildings is Glazed-headed Flemish Bond, in which the exposed headers are burned until they vitrify with a black glassy surface. Other variants are Monk bond and Wessex Bond, the latter with three stretchers between each header. This is easier to lay than full Flemish Bond and produces a less intense, but nevertheless "pretty" brickwork face.Flemish bond, also known as Dutch bond, has throughout history been considered the most decorative bond, and for this reason was used extensively for dwellings until the adoption of the cavity wall. It is created by alternately laying headers and stretchers in a single course. The next course is laid so that a header lies in the middle of the stretcher in the course below. This bond is two bricks thick. It is quite difficult to lay Flemish bond properly, since for best effect all the perpendiculars (vertical mortar joints) need to be vertically aligned. If only one face of a Flemish bond wall is exposed, one-third of the bricks are not visible, and hence may be of low visual quality. This is a better ratio than for English bond, Flemish bond's main rival for load-bearing walls.
There are at least 6 buildings built of Flemish Bond Brickwork in and around the Historic Village of Menangle in New South Wales, Australia. The buildings include the Anglican Church, the Historic Menangle School, Gilbulla and three houses on Station Street.
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| appearance of flemish bond |
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| The view of flemish bond |
IT IS TIME TO DIY AGAIN!
Lets try to DIY a garden wall. We choose flemish bond because they are more decorative and can be made more so with half brick insertions.
What you need?
1. String line
2. Bricks
3. Bricklaying trowel
4. Hammer
5. Mortar
6. Spirit level
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| String lines are set and check the level |
The steps to follow!!!
1. First lay a foundation strip before building the wall.
2. Fasten string lines on pegs and stretch the string line across the foundation strip.
3. Dry-lay the brick to give you an idea of how the brick wall will look.
4. Start by laying the first corner brick from the left side. Lay the shorter end of the brick (header) facing you.
5. Next, lay two stretcher-bonded bricks (long side of the bricks) side by side, facing you.
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| Second course of brickwork |
6. Lay another header brick. Don’t forget to leave a 1 cm (3/8 in) gap between each brick.
7. Finish dry-laying the first course of bricks, alternating the header and stretcher.
8. When you are sure of this first course, re-lay the bricks.
9. This time, fill in the gaps between the bricks with 1 cm (3/8 in) mortar joints.
10. Check if the course is level with a spirit level.
11. For the second course of brickwork, lay the brickwork at the header end if your first course was a stretcher course, and vice versa.
12. To complete the wall, alternate the headers and stretchers in every
course.
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| Flemish bond with difference colour of bricks |
Other types of bonding
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| Monk bond |
Monk bond
Monk bond is a variant of Flemish bond, with two stretchers between the headers in each row, and the headers centred over the join between the two stretchers in the row below.It was commonly used in the region around the Baltic Sea until turn of 13th and 14th centuries, then it was gradually replaced by Flemish bond.
Stretcher bond
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| stretcher bond |
Stretcher bond, also known as running bond, consists of bricks laid with only their long narrow sides (their stretchers) showing, overlapping midway with the courses of bricks below and above. It is the simplest repeating pattern, but, since it cannot be made with a bond to the bricks behind, it is suitable only for a wall one-half brick thick, the thinnest possible wall.Such a thin wall is not stable enough to stand alone, and must be tied to a supporting structure. It is common in modern buildings, in particular as the outer face of a cavity wall, or as the facing to a timber or steel framed structure. Stretcher bond is now used in building garden and boundary walls that are "stand alone" by incorporating a layer of steel brick-reinforcing mesh, laid every three or so courses, thus acting as headers in tying the two leaves together.
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| English bond |
English bond
This bond has two alternating courses of stretchers and headers, with the headers centered on the stretchers, and each alternate row vertically aligned. There is a variant in which the second course of stretchers is half offset from the first, giving rise to English cross bond or Dutch bond.
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| American bond |
American Bond
By one definition, Common, American, or Scottish bond has one row of headers to five of stretchers. The number of stretcher courses may vary from that, in practice. For example, the brick Clarke-Palmore House in Henrico County, Virginia, has a lower level built in 1819 described as being American bond of 3 to 5 stretcher courses between each header course, and an upper level built in 1855 with American bond of 6 to 7 stretcher courses between each header course.
Rat-trap bond
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| Rat-trap bond(Corner) |
Rat-trap bond, also known as Chinese bond, is a type of garden wall bond similar to Flemish, but consisting of rowlocks and shiners instead of headers and stretchers (the stretchers and headers are laid on their sides, with the bed face of the stretcher facing outward). This gives a wall with an internal cavity bridged by the headers, hence the name. The main advantage of this bond is economy in use of bricks, giving a wall of one-brick thickness with fewer bricks than a solid bond. The bond also gives the advantage that both skins are tied together. Rat-trap bond was in common usage in England for building houses of fewer than 3 storeys up to the turn of the 20th century and is today still used in India as an economical bond, as well for the insulation properties offered by the air cavity. Also, many brick walls surrounding kitchen gardens were designed with cavities so hot air could circulate in the winter, warming fruit trees or other produce spread against the walls, causing them to bloom earlier and forcing early fruit production.
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| Rat trap bond ( T-joint) |
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